I’ll be on the radio Monday (May 26th) at 6 p.m., chatting with Dorian Devins about my recent book Group Theory in the Bedroom, and Other Mathematical Diversions. If you’re within shouting range of Jersey City, N.J., you can listen in on WFMU; otherwise, stream it live over the net; or wait for the podcast. (Incidentally, even if you have no interest in listening to my self-promotional rants, I recommend the WFMU web site for excellent advice and instructions on doing Internet radio.)

In other GTiBaOMD news, I received a Google Alert the other day, pointing me to a new review of the book. When I followed the link, I was momentarily perplexed. Before I could see the review, I had to press a button bearing the legend: “I am over 18 and agree to the viewing of sexually explicit material.” As it happens, the page that awaited me beyond this warning had no sexually explicit material at all. Indeed, that lack was the essence of the reviewer’s complaint:

Sex and Math. You would think I would be in heaven at the mere thought that somebody had written a book combining these two things. And this book would be heaven if it had combined those two things. Instead, sadly, this is a case where the title is both a little too literal and yet not quite accurate.

Point taken. It’s true that there’s little titillation in my tale of mattress-flipping. Considering that disappointment, the reviewer’s assessment is remarkably even-handed. (”Would I recommend this book? Sure, especially if you have a fancy for computing, math and solving problems.”) Thanks, Naughty Bookworm.

Wow. Jupiter has sprouted a third red spot. It was just two years ago that the Great Red Spot was joined by a smaller companion, which was quickly dubbed “Junior.” I guess the new red spot, discovered in the past few weeks, will have to be called “III.”

In the view above, from the Hubble Space Telescope, Junior is southwest of the Great Spot, and the new, smallest member of the family is due west of the big one and a little farther downwind. This is a false-color image, constructed by assigning colors to monochromatic images recorded at three wavelengths, but the intent is to correctly render colors as perceived by the human eye. Evidently none of the spots are really red at the moment. If they were all newly discovered right now, we would have the Great Peach of Jupiter and the Two Little Apricots.

When I get beyond merely admiring the glorious, painterly spectacle of this Jello-chiffon dessert in the sky, what fascinates me most is the time scale of the red spot phenomenon. The Great Spot has been there for at least a century or two, and probably much longer. It is a storm, with rapid counterclockwise circulation clearly visible in the time-lapse photos returned by the Voyager I spacecraft in 1979.

Storms are something we can relate to from our earthling experience; we have cyclones here too. But what kind of storm lasts for hundreds of years? Even allowing for the larger spatial scale of events on Jupiter, the Great Spot seems extraordinarily long-lived. The rotation period is roughly one earth-week, which means the spot has survived for something on the order of 10,000 revolutions. And it is geographically stable, too: Although the spot drifts in longitude, it seems to be pinned in latitude, hovering at a swirling boundary between easterly and westerly wind belts.

Very likely, the key to the Great Spot’s longevity is that Jupiter has no continents or other surface irregularities to disrupt the flow of the atmosphere. But that fact makes the uniqueness of the spot somewhat mysterious. If such features can arise spontaneously, purely from the dynamics of the atmospheric flow, like a pearl created without any need for a grain of sand, then why is there just one red spot? You’d think that such storms would develop from time to time wherever conditions were favorable.

And now we have our answer: There’s not just one red spot. But the question of time scales doesn’t entirely go away. It seems implausible that one storm would go on for centuries in lonely splendor, and then suddenly two more would evolve within a couple of years. Perhaps there have been others and we just didn’t notice? Not within the past 50 years, I think. Another possible explanation of this improbable coincidence is that the births of Junior and III are not independent events. All three storms are nearby (at least by Jovian standards) and are surely interacting. If that’s the case, we may not have seen the end of this sequence of events. Will there be more spots? Will they collide or coalesce? Stay tuned.

In the matter of time scales, I can’t help noting that Jupiter has a connection with another epochal event in the modern Internet era. In July of 1994 comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 crashed into Jupiter, and the world followed along via the web. The idea that anyone with a modem could download the images directly from JPL—no waiting for the news media—made quite an impression. The Netscape icon was the apotheosis of this event.

Links:

More third-spot images and explanations of how they were made, from Imre de Pater, UC Berkeley.

Reporting from Science Blog.

Reporting from New Scientist.

A report from the Philippine Daily Inquirer with some background on who first spotted the new spot.

The Wikipedia article on the Great Red Spot (which already has a note on the new one).

A few weeks ago I playfully suggested that the Democratic nominee for POTUS might be selected this year by a game of hex played on the map of the lower 48 states. I emphasize the word “playfully.” This was not a serious suggestion. But life has a way of overtaking us, even in our most frivolous moments. As the primary season now spirals down to the last bitter dregs, the nomination remains undecided, and so does the game of electoral hex.

The goal in this version of hex is to assemble a continuous chain of states that spans the country either east to west or north to south (or both). As the map below shows, both candidates are tantalizingly close to this goal, but neither has actually achieved it. The recent round of voting in North Carolina and Indiana, and then yesterday’s result in West Virginia, failed to clinch it.

But it will all be over soon. Kentucky is the key. The nomination may or may not be settled after that state’s primary election next Tuesday, but the game of hex will surely be decided, one way or the other. Whichever candidate wins Kentucky will form both east-west and north-south chains, and his or her opponent will be shut out from creating either kind of chain.

Update 2008-05-21: Game over. As the map from today’s Times shows, Hillary Clinton percolates. She can drive coast to coast or border and border and never stray outside of states that supported her candidacy. As far as I know, she has not yet cited this fact in support of her decision to stay in the race; maybe she’s saving that argument for the convention.